WORD FORMATION-B2 (MAYBE REVISION FOR THOSE STARTING TO PREPARE TO SIT C1)

WORD FORMATION (B2-C1)


Having a good command of word formation is essential for your learning. Here are some examples:





(picture taken from morguefile.com, free stock)


NOUN                     VERB                   ADJECTIVE/PARTICIPLE                  ADVERB


ADVERTISMENT               ADVERTISE         ADVERTISED
KNOWLEDGE                    KNOW/ACKNOWLEDGE  KNOWLEDGEABLE              
BITE                                     BITE                    BITTEN
ENGAGEMENT                  ENGAGE            ENGAGED

SMELL                                SMELL                SMELLY (smelling bad)SWEET-SMELLING
BELIEF                               BELIEVE             BELIEVABLE/UNBELIEVABLE                                    UNBELIEVABLY
TOP (ie.top of a page)
TOP (top model)                  TOP (to top as a footballer)
EASE                                   EASE                   EASY                                                                                       EASILY
THOUGHT                         THINK               THOUGHTFUL/THOUGHTLESS                               THOUGHTFULLY
LONELINESS                  ----                         LONELY
RISE                                    RISE                    RISING                                            
BEAUTY                            BEAUTIFY         BEAUTIFUL                                                                   BEAUTIFULLY
MEASUREMENT/measure MEASURE       MEASURABLE                                                     MEASURABLY
PAYMENT                           PAY                    PAYABLE/UNPAID
POLITICS/POLITICIAN POLITICIZE         POLITICAL                                                                 POLITICALLY
LOGIC                                                             LOGICAL/ILLOGICAL                                      LOGICALLY/ILOGICALLY
BREAK                               BREAK                BROKEN
CRITIC/CRITICISM          CRITICIZE          CRITICAL                                                                     CRITICALLY
EXPECTATION/EXPECTANCY EXPECT    EXPECTED/UNEXPECTED                          (UN) EXPECTEDLY
SCIENCE/SCIENTIST                                    SCIENTIFICAL                                                           SCIENTIFICALLY
ADDITION                         ADD                     ADDED
ANNOYANCE                   ANNOY                ANNOYING/ANNOYED                                            ANNOYINGLY
ENDURANCE                   ENDURE                ENDURING

POLITENESS                                                    POLITE/IMPOLITE                                            POLITELY/IMPOLITELY



READING

Complete with the right form considering the root word in brackets:



EX.4
LIKE KIDS


Language has frequently been characterized as an attribute of the human species which distinguishes it from the rest of animals. Thus, although the latter count on more or less complicated systems of _______________(communicate), human language has the following special features that make it distinctive:
It is a system of arbitrary symbols, that is to say, there is no _______________(connect) between the sounds and the objects that they represent (this principle is not__________(truth) for onomatopoeias and interjections), which permits us to have abstract ideas.
It_________________(involvement) a representation of reality without the _______________ (stimulate) being present.

Animals stick to a symbolic representation of first range, without being able to get far from the designation of objects at a concrete moment (they send out ________________(warn) signals when a predator is in front of them, or communication signals in front of a _______________(desire) stimulus, such as an ________________(alliance) ).

This communication is carried out_________________(instinct) according to the meaning that the object carries for the species.
A second step would be to connect objects or examples when one of them is present.
This is the case of the boy who says “dad” when he sees his father’s car, even if he’s not present, in order to express the idea of ____________________(belong).


EX.4-ANSWERS
1-communication NOUN  2-connection NOUN   3-true ADJ   4-involves VB  5-stimulus NOUN  6-desirable ADJ  7-warning ADJ 8-ally NOUN  9-instinctively ADV  10-belonging NOUN

Fijaos en que una misma palabra puede ser nombre o adjetivo. No es lo mismo "warning" como "advertencia" que como adjetivo o complemento del nombre. Así, en "a warning signal", la primera palabra  complementa al nombre "signal". Llegados a este punto hay que distinguir entre la categoría gramatical de, por ejemplo, un nombre ("child") y su función, que puede ser de adjetivo ("child autism", "autismo infantil"), y en cuyo caso irá siempre en singular ("shoe shop", "car race").

Have a nice week!